Sunday, December 8, 2013

Little Britain

Little Britain has its long catalogue[1] of city wonders, which its inhabitants consider the wonders of the world: such as the great bell of St. Paul's, which sours all the beer when it tolls; the figures that
strike the hours at St. Dunstan's clock; the Monument; the lions in the Tower; and the wooden giants in Guildhall. They still believe in dreams and fortune-telling, and an old woman that lives in Bull-and-Mouth Street makes a tolerable[2] subsistence by detecting stolen goods, and promising the girls good husbands. They are apt[3] to be rendered uncomfortable by comets and eclipses; and if a dog howls dolefully[4] at night, it is looked upon[5] as a sure sign of a death in the place. There are even many ghost stories current, particularly concerning the old mansion-houses; in several of which it is said strange sights are sometimes seen[6]. Lords and ladies, the former in full bottomed wigs, hanging sleeves, and swords, the latter in lappets[7], stays, hoops and brocade, have been seen[8] walking up and down the great waste chambers, on moonlight nights; and are supposed to be the shades of the ancient proprietors in their court-dresses.
 Little Britain has likewise its sages and great men. One of the most important of the former is a tall, dry old gentleman, of the name of Skryme, who keeps a small apothecary's shop. He has a cadaverous[9] countenance[10], full of cavities and projections; with a brown circle round each eye, like a pair of horned spectacles[11]. He is much thought[12] of by the old women, who consider him a kind of conjurer, because he has two of three stuffed alligators hanging up in his shop, and several snakes in bottles. He is a great reader[13] of almanacs and newspapers, and is much given to pore over alarming accounts of plots[14], conspiracies, fires, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions; which last phenomena he considers as signs of the times. He has always some dismal tale of the kind to deal out to his customers, with their doses; and thus at the same time puts both soul and body into an uproar. He is a great believer in omens and predictions; and has the prophecies of Robert Nixon and Mother Shipton by heart[15]. No man can make so much out of an eclipse, or even an unusually dark day; and he shook the tail of the last comet over the heads of his customers and disciples until they were nearly frightened out of their wits. He has lately got hold[16] of a popular legend or prophecy, on which[17] he has been unusually eloquent. There has been a saying current among the ancient sibyls, who treasure up these things, that when the grasshopper on the top of the Exchange shook hands with the dragon on the top of Bow Church Steeple, fearful events would take place. This strange conjunction, it seems, has as strangely come to pass. The same architect has been engaged lately on the repairs of the cupola of the Exchange, and the steeple of Bow church; and, fearful to relate, the dragon and the grasshopper actually lie, cheek by jole[18], in the yard of his workshop[19].

_________________________________________________________________________________


Lexical

[7] Lappets
[3] apt

Syntax

[12] Much [v*]

Function words


Semantic

[14] Plot as a noun

Morphological



spelling

[1] catalogue vs. catalog
[17] Jole vs. jowl


false hits

[15] Has…by heart = memorized. Only one usage.



Sunday, December 1, 2013

Father in Heaven



I have grown up a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. I have spent many days listening to the words of the Prophet, his counselors, and those that preside in the church. They've always been really special in my life, so being able to study those words in a linguistic sense made me really happy.

I decided to take a look at the words that we use to describe our Heavenly Father. There is a lot that I know about Jesus Christ, but because our Heavenly Father is such a sacred being, there is little that I fully know about him that I haven't learned through Jesus' example. I decide to take this opportunity to see the many different words that have been used to describe our Heavenly Father.



This one seems the most common to me, and if you look at the graph you can see why. 


I started off with this word and noticed that it had peaked significantly this past decade. Did that mean that we didn't talk about our Heavenly Father before now? I hypothesized that the answer to this is no, but that we had different words to use to describe him.


Father in Heaven

Even though it is only a slight variance to the phrasing above, it still shows a different in usage. Interestingly enough, both of them were on the rise until they dropped off in this last couple of conference.



God


To me, this is a little more harsh than Heavenly Father. It is still a common phrase, but wouldn't be the first word that I would go to. There is a nice curve around the usage of God in General Conference in tokens, but if you go to the corpus search you notice that it is in the decline in the usage per million.

Elohim


This isn't a very common name for our Heavenly Father in day to day speech, but I wanted to know what the usage would be in general conference. It was very infrequent both in tokens and in per million. The highest token was only 12 uses in one conference.


Eternal Father


This shows a similar graph to God, and if you look at the corpus you can see that the usage is slightly declining. The similarities between the two could be because of the phrase God the Eternal Father; when looking at the examples there were very few where God and Eternal Father weren't collocates.


Going by these findings, I would say that Heavenly Father is the more modern name to reference our Heavenly Father. It brings about the kindness that we associate with our Father in Heaven. 

Outside the Church

I wanted to take a look at the uses of God and Heavenly Father outside of the church, so I ran both of them in Coca (God, Heavenly Father). The graphs below show the usage of both of those words by Genre and Year.


It was interesting to see that while Fiction and Magazine have the highest usage of God, Academic had a decently high usage as well.


This is not surprising in the fact that God is less in use now then it use to be. The usage is high compared to Heavenly Father in the past couple of years. Heavenly Father peaks in Spoken and Fiction but is really low in the other three genres. 


By year, Heavenly Father has dropped in usage since 1995-1999. When I think of Heavenly Father, it seems like a more term used within the church; not something that would be used unless you were a member.